In a judicial system, the supreme court is the highest ruling power for federal and high definition cases. There are many smaller courts that function under the orders of the supreme court.
State Supreme Court
In the state judiciary, the state supreme court holds the highest level of power over cases- and the decision is considered final in both state and federal courts. For instance, if a First Amendment right to freedom of speech case was chosen by the highest court of a state (typically the state supreme court), the case could be referred to the Federal Supreme Court.
Nonetheless, if the same case were chosen altogether on a state law like the First Amendment, the Supreme Court of the United States would not consider it. The Court ordinarily hears situations when there are clashing choices the nation over on a specific issue or when there is an error in the case.
The members of the Court are alluded to as ‘justices’ and, as other government judges, they are named by the President and affirmed by the Senate for a term of life. There are nine justices on the court- eight associate justices and one chief justice. The Constitution sets no necessities for Supreme Court judges, however all current individuals from the court are legal advisors and most have served as circuit court judges too. Justices are former law professors and are chosen by the President. The Supreme Court meets in Washington, D.C.
Judicial Review in the Constitution
A judicial review is the process, the doctrine under which the judiciary functions to govern the citizens through law and order. It is an exercise under which executive and legislative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.
When it comes to giving justice to the people, the judiciary is one of the major organs of the governmental structure, its functions are:
Giving justice to the people: When a case goes to trial, the criminals are rightfully punished under the radar of the law, and the victim is compensated for their grief and loss.
Application of laws: The judiciary is responsible for interpreting and applying various laws to specific cases so that a just outcome is formed at the end. The legal executive likewise assumes a part in law-production. The choices given by the courts truly decide the significance, nature and extent of the laws passed by the governing body. The understanding of laws by the legal executive adds up to law-production as it is these translations which truly characterize the laws.
Value Legislation: Where a law is quiet or questionable, or seems, by all accounts, to be conflicting with some other rule that everyone must follow, the judges rely on their feeling of equity, decency, fair-mindedness, trustworthiness and insight for choosing the cases. Such choices consistently include law making, and is also known as equity legislation.
Security of Rights: The judicial branch has the preeminent obligation to protect the privileges and rights of its citizens. A resident has the privilege to look for the security of the legal executive on the off chance that his privileges are abused or taken steps to be disregarded by the legislature or by private associations or individual residents. In every single such case, it turns into the obligation of the legal executive to secure rights of the individuals.
Guardian of the Constitution: The judiciary also goes as the protector of the Constitution. The Constitution is the incomparable rule that everyone must follow and it is the duty of the judiciary to interpret and ensure it. For this reason the legal executive can direct legal audit over any law for deciding whether it is as per the letter and soul of the constitution.If that any law is discovered illegal, it is dismissed by the judiciary and it becomes invalid for future. This intensity of the court is known as the power of judicial review.
Running of the Judicial Administration: The judiciary isn’t a division of the legislature. It is autonomous of both the governing body and the leader. It is a different and free organ with its own association and authorities. It has the ability to choose the idea of legal association in the state. It outlines and upholds its own guidelines. These oversee the enrollment and working of the officers and different people working in the courts. It makes and upholds rules for the precise and proficient lead of legal organization.
Judicial Review Examples
One of the most notable examples of judicial review was established in 1803, the case of Marbury v. Madison. The U.S. Supreme Court first declared an act of Congress unconstitutional, thus establishing the doctrine of judicial review. The court’s opinion, written by Chief Justice John Marshall, is considered one of the foundations of U.S. constitutional law. It stated that American courts have the power to strike down laws, statutes, and some government actions that they find to violate the Constitution of the United States.
Roe v. Wade in 1973 was another milestone achieved that granted women autonomy over their own bodies, especially in abortion and reproductive cases. This was a progressive move for women who couldn’t make decisions about their own body regarding reproduction and contraception.
Loving v. Virginia in 1967 was one more case that shattered boundaries of racism especially when it came to interracial marriages. In Virginia, interracial marriages were banned and when the couple married, they were arrested and sentenced to 25 years in jail. Soon the Supreme Court ruling came out which said that this ban of interracial marriages conflicted with the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment to the Constitution. This was a milestone case which permitted marriages and relationships between blacks and whites.
Why is Judicial Review important?
A judicial review is important because it makes sure that no branch of the Constitution is misusing their power by over implementing laws on citizens. Judicial review is an important written doctrine which has the power to strike down laws that violate human rights, civil rights and civil liberties.
In many cases, a judicial review was important to make sure that each branch recognizes its own power, and every decision made is in the benefit of its citizens, streamlining with the laws of the Constitution.
Conclusion
The government structure of the United States follows the words of the constitution, and makes sure that all other departments are aligned with it. The legislature, executive and judicial are the three most powerful organs of the structure and all their functions and laws clearly define and reflect with the constitution itself.
The judicial system caters to all the courts and cases that are brought forward, criminal and civil both. The supreme court is the highest level of court with its decision being final and respected all through the country.
