U.S. Supreme Court
In the state judiciary of the United States, the state supreme court holds the highest level of power over cases- and the decision is considered final in both state and federal courts. For instance, if a First Amendment right to freedom of speech case was chosen by the highest court of a state (typically the state supreme court), the case could be referred to the Federal Supreme Court.
Nonetheless, if the same case were chosen altogether on a state law like the First Amendment, the Supreme Court of the United States would not consider it. The Court ordinarily hears situations when there are clashing choices the nation over on a specific issue or when there is an error in the case.
The members of the Court are alluded to as ‘justices’ and, as other government judges, they are named by the President and affirmed by the Senate for a term of life. There are nine justices on the court- eight associate justices and one chief justice. The Constitution sets no necessities for Supreme Court judges, however all current individuals from the court are legal advisors and most have served as circuit court judges too. Justices are former law professors and are chosen by the President. The Supreme Court meets in Washington, D.C.
Who is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?
The supreme court is the judicial branch of the US Constitution, with John G. Roberts, Jr. as the Chief Justice of the United States. The average salary figure that a chief justice of the supreme court receives in 2020 is $277,700, which has of course increased with a small percentage each year. Here is a table from the last 10 years of the salary figures of chief justices and associate justices of the supreme court of the United States.
| Year | Chief Justice | Associate Justices | Chief Justice
2019 inflation adjusted figures |
Associate Justices
2019 inflation adjusted figures |
| 2010 | $223,500 | $213,900 | $262,040 | $250,785 |
| 2011 | $223,500 | $213,900 | $254,016 | $243,106 |
| 2012 | $223,500 | $213,900 | $248,898 | $238,208 |
| 2013 | $223,500 | $213,900 | $245,307 | $234,771 |
| 2014 | $255,500 | $244,400 | $275,936 | $266,540 |
| 2015 | $258,100 | $246,800 | $278,391 | $266,203 |
| 2016 | $260,700 | $249,300 | $277,726 | $265,581 |
| 2017 | $263,300 | $251,800 | $274,631 | $262,636 |
| 2018 | $267,000 | $255,300 | $271,847 | $259,935 |
| 2019 | $270,700 | $258,900 | $270,700 | $258,900 |
| 2020 | $277,700 | $265,600 | N/A | N/A |
Note: Sample rates have been extracted online, courtesy of Wikipedia.
Supreme Court Members
There are a total of nine members of the US Supreme Court, with one chief justice and eight associate justices. The current members of the supreme court are:
- John G. Roberts, Jr., Chief Justice of the United States
- Clarence Thomas, Associate Justice
- Stephen G. Breyer, Associate Justice
- Samuel A. Alito, Jr., Associate Justice
- Sonia Sotomayor, Associate Justice
- Elena Kagan, Associate Justice
- Neil M. Gorsuch, Associate Justice
- Brett M. Kavanaugh, Associate Justice
- Amy Coney Barrett, Associate Justice
- Sandra Day O’Connor (Retired), Associate Justice
- Anthony M. Kennedy (Retired), Associate Justice
- David H. Souter (Retired), Associate Justice
How many Supreme Court Justices are Republican?
As of October 26, 2020, of the 9 justices of the Supreme Court, 6 were appointed by a Republican president, and 3 were appointed by a Democratic president. As of October 26, 2020, of the 13 federal appeals courts, Republican appointees have a majority on 7 courts, while Democrat appointees have a majority on 6 courts.
Supreme Court Justices Ages
According to data provided on the internet by The Green Papers, this is the list of the supreme court justices’ ages and who they were appointed by.
| Justice | Date of Birth | Appointed by | Sworn in |
| Clarence Thomas | 6/23/1948
Age: 72 yr 4 mo |
George H. W. Bush | 10/23/1991
Served: 29 yr 0 mo |
| Stephen Breyer | 8/15/1938
Age: 82 yr 2 mo |
Bill Clinton | 8/3/1994
Served: 26 yr 3 mo |
| John G. Roberts | 1/27/1955
Age: 65 yr 9 mo |
George W. Bush | 9/29/2005
Served: 15 yr 1 mo |
| Samuel A. Alito, Jr. | 4/1/1950
Age: 70 yr 7 mo |
George W. Bush | 1/31/2006
Served: 14 yr 9 mo |
| Sonia Sotomayor | 6/25/1954
Age: 66 yr 4 mo |
Barack Obama | 8/8/2009
Served: 11 yr 2 mo |
| Elena Kagan | 4/28/1960
Age: 60 yr 6 mo |
Barack Obama | 8/7/2010
Served: 10 yr 2 mo |
| Neil McGill Gorsuch | 8/29/1967
Age: 53 yr 2 mo |
Donald John Trump | 4/10/2017
Served: 3 yr 6 mo |
| Brett Michael Kavanaugh | 2/12/1965
Age: 55 yr 8 mo |
Donald John Trump | 10/6/2018
Served: 2 yr 0 mo |
| Amy Coney Barrett | 1/28/1972
Age: 48 yr 9 mo |
Donald John Trump | 10/27/2020
Served: 0 yr 0 mo |
Conclusion
Supreme court justices are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. For the nomination process, the names come from several different departments, like the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, members of Congress, sitting judges and justices, and the American Bar Association.
A president is likely to appoint a judge who has the same political ideology as their own, like a liberal President will try to appoint a liberal judge. And there is often bias involved- Presidents are likely to choose their friends and people with the same political party as their own.
Until relatively recently, almost all federal judges were white males. Today, however, ethnicity and gender are important criteria for appointing judges. In 1967, Lyndon Johnson appointed the first African American Supreme Court justice, Thurgood Marshall. In 1981, Ronald Reagan appointed the first woman to the Supreme Court, Sandra Day O’Connor. All recent presidents have appointed African Americans, Latinos, members of other ethnic minority groups, and women to district courts and courts of appeal.
Judges serve their whole lives for the judicial system of the country, making sure that justice is served and criminals are rightfully punished. They need to be of excellent character, fair and unbiased in all their decisions and ruling.
